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Medicines A–Z

Medicines A–Z — uses, side effects & precautions

Clear, plain-language guides to the medicines people search for — what they treat, how they work, common and serious side effects, interactions and who should take care. Informational only; no doses — your doctor or pharmacist sets those.

Queste informazioni hanno carattere puramente orientativo e non costituiscono un parere medico. Consulta sempre un professionista sanitario qualificato per problemi medici personali. In caso di emergenza, chiama il numero di emergenza locale.

5-HT3 receptor antagonist (anti-nausea / antiemetic)

ACE inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor)

Aldosterone antagonist with anti-androgen effects (also a diuretic)

Analgesic / antipyretic (non-opioid pain and fever reliever)

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

Antacid / acid-neutraliser (some combined with alginate)

Anti-inflammatory / local analgesic (oromucosal)

Anti-inflammatory agent (anti-gout)

Antibacterial / antifungal ear preparation (acidifying)

Antibacterial / antiprotozoal (nitroimidazole)

Antibiotic (first-generation cephalosporin)

Antibiotic (fluoroquinolone)

Antibiotic (lincosamide)

Antibiotic (macrolide)

Antibiotic (penicillin combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor)

Antibiotic (penicillin-class / aminopenicillin)

Antibiotic (penicillin, anti-staphylococcal)

Antibiotic (penicillin)

Antibiotic (second-generation cephalosporin)

Antibiotic (sulfonamide combination)

Antibiotic (tetracycline)

Antibiotic (third-generation cephalosporin, injectable)

Antibiotic (topical, for eyes)

Antibiotic (topical, for eyes/ears)

Antibiotic (used mainly for urinary infections)

Antibiotic and antiprotozoal (nitroimidazole)

Anticoagulant (direct oral anticoagulant / DOAC, direct thrombin inhibitor)

Anticoagulant (direct oral anticoagulant / DOAC, factor Xa inhibitor)

Anticoagulant (direct oral anticoagulant, DOAC / blood thinner)

Anticoagulant (injectable blood thinner)

Anticoagulant (low molecular weight heparin / injectable blood thinner)

Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist / blood thinner)

Anticonvulsant (anti-seizure)

Anticonvulsant (anti-seizure); mood stabiliser

Anticonvulsant / nerve-pain medicine (gabapentinoid) - a controlled medicine in some regions

Antidepressant (atypical / noradrenergic and specific serotonergic)

Antidepressant (NDRI - noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor); smoking-cessation aid

Antidepressant (SNRI - serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor)

Antidepressant (SSRI - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

Antidepressant (tricyclic)

Antidiabetic / alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Antidiabetic / biguanide

Antidiabetic / DPP-4 inhibitor (gliptin)

Antidiabetic / GLP-1 receptor agonist

Antidiabetic / long-acting (basal) insulin

Antidiabetic / meglitinide (prandial insulin releaser)

Antidiabetic / rapid-acting (bolus) insulin

Antidiabetic / SGLT2 inhibitor (gliflozin)

Antidiabetic / short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin

Antidiabetic / sulfonylurea

Antidiabetic / thiazolidinedione (glitazone)

Antidiarrhoeal (gut-motility slowing agent)

Antidiarrhoeal / gastrointestinal protectant

Antifibrinolytic (clot-stabilising medicine)

Antiflatulent (anti-gas / defoaming agent)

Antifungal (allylamine)

Antifungal (azole)

Antifungal (dermatophyte-specific)

Antifungal (imidazole)

Antifungal (polyene)

Antifungal (topical, imidazole)

Antifungal (topical/oral, polyene)

Antifungal (triazole)

Antihistamine (nasal spray / eye drop)

Antihistamine / mast-cell stabiliser (ophthalmic)

Antihistamine plus decongestant (ophthalmic)

Antimalarial (4-aminoquinoline); also used as an antirheumatic in some settings

Antimalarial (4-aminoquinoline); disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)

Antimalarial (8-aminoquinoline)

Antimalarial (antifolate combination)

Antimalarial (artemisinin derivative)

Antimalarial (artemisinin-based combination therapy, ACT)

Antimalarial (combination)

Antimalarial (quinoline-methanol)

Antimalarial (quinoline); also historically used for muscle cramps

Antiparasitic (anthelmintic for filarial worms)

Antiparasitic (anthelmintic for flukes and tapeworms)

Antiparasitic (anthelmintic)

Antiparasitic (antifolate antiprotozoal)

Antiparasitic (antiprotozoal)

Antiparasitic (avermectin anthelmintic and antiparasitic)

Antiparasitic (benzimidazole anthelmintic)

Antiparasitic (broad-spectrum antiprotozoal and anthelmintic)

Antiparasitic (topical pyrethroid for skin parasites)

Antiparasitic and antibacterial (aminoglycoside)

Antiplatelet (blood thinner)

Antiplatelet agent (blood thinner)

Antiplatelet agent (low-dose aspirin / blood thinner)

Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 inhibitor / blood thinner)

Antiprotozoal and antibacterial (nitroimidazole)

Antipsychotic (atypical / second-generation)

Antiseptic (mild antimicrobial, ophthalmic)

Antispasmodic (antimuscarinic)

Antispasmodic (smooth-muscle relaxant)

Antithyroid medicine (thyroid hormone suppressant)

Antiviral (neuraminidase inhibitor)

Antiviral (nucleoside analogue prodrug)

Antiviral (nucleoside analogue)

Antiviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Antiviral (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Benzodiazepine (sedative / anxiolytic) - a controlled medicine

Beta blocker (cardioselective)

Beta blocker (with blood-vessel-relaxing action)

Biguanide (insulin-sensitising medicine)

Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)

Calcium channel blocker (non-dihydropyridine)

Cardiac glycoside

Combined hormonal contraceptive (estrogen + progestogen)

Combined vitamin and mineral supplement

Corticosteroid (glucocorticoid), anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant

Corticosteroid (glucocorticoid), potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant

Dietary supplement / essential fatty acid

Dietary supplement / live microbial cultures

Dopamine antagonist / prokinetic (anti-nausea and gut-motility agent)

Ear-wax softener (cerumenolytic)

Emergency hormonal contraceptive

Fat-soluble vitamin / antioxidant supplement

Fat-soluble vitamin / supplement

First-generation (sedating) antihistamine (H1 receptor antagonist)

Glucose-raising hormone / emergency treatment for severe low blood sugar

H2-receptor antagonist (acid-reducer)

Inhaled / intranasal corticosteroid (preventer)

Intranasal / inhaled corticosteroid (preventer)

Iron supplement (treatment for iron-deficiency anaemia)

Leukotriene receptor antagonist (asthma preventer / anti-inflammatory)

Lipid-lowering agent (bile-acid sequestrant)

Lipid-lowering agent (cholesterol absorption inhibitor)

Lipid-lowering agent (fibrate)

Lipid-lowering agent (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor / statin)

Lipid-lowering agent (PCSK9 inhibitor, injectable monoclonal antibody)

Lipid-modifying agent (purified omega-3 fatty acid, EPA)

Local (topical) estrogen for vaginal and urinary symptoms

Local anaesthetic (topical and injectable)

Long-acting antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) bronchodilator (LAMA)

Long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) bronchodilator

Long-acting progestogen-only contraceptive (injectable)

Long-acting progestogen-only contraceptive (subdermal implant)

Long-acting progestogen-releasing intrauterine contraceptive

Loop diuretic (water pill)

Mast cell stabiliser (anti-allergy preventer)

Mast-cell stabiliser (ophthalmic anti-allergy)

Menopausal hormone replacement (estrogen, with progestogen if you have a womb)

Mineral / electrolyte supplement

Mineral / trace element supplement

Mineral supplement

Mineral supplement / trace element

Mood stabiliser

Mucosal protectant (ulcer-coating agent)

Nitrate (fast-acting vasodilator)

Nitrate (vasodilator)

Non-hormonal intrauterine contraceptive

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), COX-2 selective inhibitor

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), preferentially COX-2

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); antiplatelet at low doses

Ocular lubricant (artificial tears)

Opioid analgesic (centrally acting), controlled medicine

Opioid analgesic; also used as a cough suppressant; controlled medicine

Osmotic laxative

Osmotic laxative (also used in liver disease)

Ovulation-stimulating medicine (fertility treatment)

Potassium-sparing diuretic / aldosterone antagonist

Progestogen (body-identical progesterone)

Progestogen (synthetic progesterone-like hormone)

Progestogen-only hormonal contraceptive

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

Rehydration therapy (electrolyte and glucose replacement)

Saline rinse / moisturiser (nasal and eye)

Second-generation (non-drowsy) antihistamine (H1 receptor antagonist)

Sedative-hypnotic (non-benzodiazepine 'Z-drug') - a controlled medicine in many regions

Short-acting antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) bronchodilator

Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) bronchodilator (reliever inhaler)

Skin emollient / moisturizer

Statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor / cholesterol-lowering)

Stimulant laxative

Strong opioid analgesic, controlled medicine

Thiazide diuretic (water pill)

Thyroid hormone replacement

Topical acne and rosacea treatment

Topical acne treatment (keratolytic / antibacterial)

Topical analgesic (counter-irritant, from chilli peppers)

Topical analgesic / counter-irritant (rubefacient), salicylate

Topical antibacterial (for burns)

Topical antibiotic

Topical antifungal (allylamine)

Topical antifungal (azole)

Topical antihistamine

Topical antiparasitic (scabicide / pediculicide)

Topical antiseptic

Topical calcineurin inhibitor (non-steroid)

Topical corticosteroid (mild potency)

Topical decongestant / vasoconstrictor (ophthalmic)

Topical keratolytic

Topical keratolytic / antipruritic (for scaly skin)

Topical local anaesthetic

Topical nasal decongestant (sympathomimetic)

Topical retinoid

Topical soothing agent (antipruritic / skin protectant)

Vitamin supplement (B-group vitamin)

Water-soluble vitamin / supplement

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