What it is used for
- Bipolar disorder (treatment and prevention of mania and depression)
- Recurrent depression (as an add-on, in some cases)
- Reducing the risk of self-harm in mood disorders (specialist use)
How it works
Lithium is a naturally occurring element that affects chemical signalling inside brain cells. Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, it helps stabilise mood and reduce the swings of bipolar disorder.
How it is taken
Usually available as standard and modified-release tablets and as an oral liquid. It is taken by mouth. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; the safe and toxic amounts are close together, so do not change the brand, dose or timing without advice, and keep regular blood-test appointments.
No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.
Common side effects
- Increased thirst and passing more urine
- Fine trembling of the hands
- Mild nausea
- Weight gain
- A metallic taste
- Mild drowsiness
Serious effects — get help
- Signs of lithium toxicity: coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, unsteadiness (seek urgent care)
- Thyroid problems (tiredness, weight changes, feeling cold)
- Kidney problems over long-term use
- Signs of dehydration that can raise lithium levels dangerously
- Irregular heartbeat
- High calcium levels
If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.
Interactions to watch
- NSAID painkillers (can raise lithium to dangerous levels)
- Certain blood-pressure medicines (some diuretics, ACE inhibitors and similar)
- Dehydration, low-salt diets or major changes in fluid or salt intake
- Some other psychiatric medicines
- Caffeine changes (can affect levels)
Who should take care
- Requires regular blood tests to keep levels in a safe range and to check the kidneys and thyroid
- Stay well hydrated and keep your salt intake steady; illness with vomiting, diarrhoea or fever needs prompt advice
- Avoid NSAID painkillers unless your clinician approves
- Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Do not change brand or stop suddenly; carry information that you take lithium