Acne develops at the level of the hair follicle and its oil gland. When excess oil (sebum) combines with dead skin cells, it can plug the pore, creating blackheads and whiteheads. Bacteria that normally live on the skin can multiply in these blocked pores, triggering inflammation that produces red spots, pustules and deeper cysts.
Hormones, especially androgens that rise in puberty and fluctuate through the menstrual cycle, increase oil production, which is why acne is so common in teenagers and around hormonal changes. Genetics strongly influence who is affected, and factors like friction, occlusive products and stress can aggravate it.
Contrary to common belief, acne is not caused by poor hygiene, and over-washing can irritate skin and make things worse. The role of diet is modest and individual. A pharmacist can recommend starter treatments; a doctor can help with persistent or scarring acne. This is general information, not a personal treatment plan.