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Anticonvulsant / nerve-pain medicine (gabapentinoid) - a controlled medicine in some regions

Gabapentin: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Neurontin, Gralise.

This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personal medical concerns. In an emergency, call your local emergency number.

What it is used for

  • Nerve (neuropathic) pain
  • Epilepsy (as an add-on for certain seizures)
  • Some other nerve-related conditions (such as restless legs in some regions)

How it works

Gabapentin acts on calcium channels in nerve cells, reducing the release of certain signalling chemicals. This calms overactive nerve signals involved in pain and seizures.

How it is taken

Usually available as capsules, tablets and an oral liquid. It is taken by mouth, with the amount usually built up gradually. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; do not stop suddenly.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Unsteadiness
  • Tiredness
  • Swelling of hands or feet
  • Blurred vision
  • Weight gain
  • Dry mouth

Serious effects — get help

  • Slowed or shallow breathing, especially with opioids or other sedatives (seek emergency help)
  • Mood changes or suicidal thoughts
  • Severe allergic reaction with swelling, fever and organ involvement
  • Severe dizziness or fainting
  • Dependence and withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Opioid painkillers (dangerous combined sedation and breathing suppression)
  • Alcohol and other sedatives (added drowsiness)
  • Antacids containing aluminium or magnesium (can reduce its absorption - separate the timing)
  • Other medicines that cause drowsiness

Who should take care

  • Has potential for misuse and dependence; controlled in some regions
  • Do not combine with opioids or alcohol without specialist supervision because of breathing risk
  • Use with caution and possible dose adjustment with kidney problems
  • Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Do not stop suddenly; separate doses from antacids, and avoid driving if affected

Frequently asked questions

How is gabapentin different from pregabalin?
They are closely related gabapentinoids used for similar conditions, but they differ in how the body absorbs and handles them. Your clinician chooses based on your needs. Do not combine them unless specifically directed.
Why must I be careful taking it with painkillers?
Combined with opioids or other sedatives, gabapentin can dangerously slow breathing. Tell every prescriber and pharmacist about all your medicines.
Can I take antacids with it?
Antacids containing aluminium or magnesium can reduce how much gabapentin you absorb. Take gabapentin separated from such antacids, as your pharmacist advises.
Is gabapentin addictive?
It can be misused and cause dependence in some people, which is why it is controlled in some regions. Take only as prescribed and do not stop abruptly.
Is Gabapentin safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

Related conditions

Related medicines

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