What it is used for
- Epilepsy (certain seizure types)
- Trigeminal neuralgia (a severe facial nerve pain)
- Bipolar disorder (mood stabilisation, especially to prevent or treat mania)
How it works
Carbamazepine calms overactive electrical signalling in nerve cells by acting on sodium channels. This helps prevent seizures, ease certain nerve pains and stabilise mood.
How it is taken
Usually available as standard and modified-release tablets, chewable tablets and an oral liquid. It is taken by mouth, with the amount usually built up gradually. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; do not switch brands or stop suddenly without medical advice, as this can trigger seizures.
No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.
Common side effects
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Unsteadiness
- Nausea
- Blurred or double vision
- Headache
- Dry mouth
Serious effects — get help
- Serious skin reactions: widespread rash, blistering, peeling, or sores in the mouth (stop and seek emergency care)
- Signs of low blood cells: fever, sore throat, unusual bruising or bleeding
- Yellowing of skin or eyes (liver problem)
- Signs of low sodium: confusion, severe headache, weakness, seizures
- Severe allergic reaction with swelling and organ involvement
- Worsening or new mood changes or suicidal thoughts
If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.
Interactions to watch
- Hormonal contraceptives (can make them less effective - use additional contraception)
- Many medicines processed by the liver, whose levels it can lower (including some other seizure medicines, blood thinners and antidepressants)
- Other medicines that affect sodium levels
- Grapefruit juice (can raise its levels)
- Alcohol
Who should take care
- Certain genetic backgrounds carry higher risk of severe skin reactions; testing may be advised in some populations
- Tell your clinician if you are pregnant or planning pregnancy - it can affect a developing baby and reliable contraception is important
- Use with caution with liver, kidney, heart or blood disorders
- Regular blood tests may be needed to check blood cells, liver and sodium
- Do not stop suddenly; report any rash promptly