Overview
Shin splints describe pain along the front or inner edge of the shin bone, usually brought on by exercise such as running or jumping. It results from overloading the muscles, tendons and bone tissue around the shin. It is common in runners and people who suddenly increase their activity, and it generally settles with rest and a gradual return to exercise.
Symptoms
- Aching or tenderness along the inner or front edge of the shin
- Pain that comes on during or after exercise
- Discomfort when pressing along the shin bone
- Mild swelling in the lower leg in some cases
- Pain that eases with rest early on but can persist if activity continues
Causes & risk factors
- Sudden increases in running distance, intensity or frequency
- Hard or uneven training surfaces
- Worn-out or unsupportive footwear
- Flat feet or poor foot mechanics
- Tight or weak calf and lower-leg muscles
Treatment & self-care
Care usually involves rest from the aggravating activity, ice, supportive footwear and a gradual, structured return to exercise with strengthening of the lower leg. A clinician or physiotherapist confirms the diagnosis and rules out a stress fracture if pain is focused or persistent.
See a doctor urgently if
- Pain becomes sharp, pinpoint or persists at rest or at night — possible stress fracture
- The shin is hot, swollen or red, or you feel feverish
- Pain does not improve with rest over a couple of weeks
- You have severe pain, tightness or numbness in the lower leg, especially after intense exercise — seek urgent care