Overview
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder involving cycles of binge eating followed by behaviours to prevent weight gain, such as vomiting, fasting or over-exercising. People often feel a loss of control during binges and intense distress afterward. Weight may be normal, so it can go unnoticed; it is treatable with the right help.
Symptoms
- Episodes of eating large amounts with a sense of loss of control
- Purging behaviours such as self-induced vomiting or laxative use
- Strict dieting, fasting or excessive exercise between binges
- Preoccupation with weight and body shape
- Feelings of shame, guilt or secrecy around eating
- Physical signs like sore throat, dental problems or swollen glands
Causes & risk factors
- Genetic and biological factors
- Low self-esteem, perfectionism or impulsivity
- Dieting and cultural pressures about body image
- Stressful or traumatic experiences
Treatment & self-care
The main treatment is a specific evidence-based talking therapy, sometimes with medication a clinician prescribes, plus nutritional and medical support. A GP or eating-disorder specialist assesses and coordinates care; most people improve.
See a doctor urgently if
- You have recurring binge-purge cycles or feel out of control with eating
- Dizziness, palpitations or muscle weakness (purging can disturb body salts — seek prompt care)
- Dental damage, persistent sore throat or stomach problems
- Any thoughts of self-harm or suicide
This condition can be an emergency. If any of the signs above are severe or getting worse, go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number — do not wait for an online consultation.