Overview
Allergic rhinitis is sneezing, itching and a runny or blocked nose triggered by allergens such as dust, harmattan haze, mould or animal dander — often mistaken for an endless cold. It frequently coexists with asthma and eczema. The right antihistamines and nasal sprays control it well.
Symptoms
- Repeated sneezing fits
- Runny nose with clear, watery discharge
- Blocked, itchy nose
- Itchy, watery eyes
- Itchy throat or ears
- Symptoms triggered by dust, smoke or weather change
- Snoring and poor sleep from blockage
Causes & risk factors
- Dust mites in bedding and furnishings
- Harmattan dust and dry-season haze
- Moulds, cockroach allergens and animal dander
- Family tendency to allergies
Treatment & self-care
Non-drowsy antihistamine tablets and steroid nasal sprays, used regularly as a clinician advises, control symptoms effectively. Reduce exposure: dust-proof bedding, wash bedding in hot water, keep windows closed on dusty days and consider a face covering in harmattan. Persistent uncontrolled symptoms warrant ENT or allergy review.
See a doctor urgently if
- Symptoms persisting most days despite regular treatment
- One-sided nasal blockage or bleeding (needs examination)
- Snoring with daytime sleepiness
- Accompanying wheeze or breathlessness