Gout occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood form sharp crystals inside a joint, triggering intense inflammation. A typical attack comes on suddenly, often overnight, with severe pain, swelling, redness, and heat in a single joint. The base of the big toe is the most common site, but the ankle, knee, and other joints can be affected. The joint may be so tender that even a bedsheet touching it is painful.
Attacks can be triggered by certain foods and drinks (such as alcohol and purine-rich foods), dehydration, some medicines, and other illnesses. Without treatment, attacks may become more frequent and can damage the joint over time.
See a doctor to confirm the diagnosis (sometimes by testing fluid from the joint) and to discuss treatment for the acute attack and longer-term prevention. Because a hot, swollen, painful joint can also be caused by a joint infection, which is an emergency, seek urgent care if you also have a fever or feel generally unwell. A doctor or pharmacist can advise on appropriate medicines.