Skip to content

Topical local anaesthetic

Lidocaine: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Lignocaine, EMLA (with prilocaine), LMX, Xylocaine.

This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personal medical concerns. In an emergency, call your local emergency number.

What it is used for

  • Numbing skin before minor procedures, injections or blood tests
  • Relief of pain and itch from minor skin irritation
  • Soreness from minor burns, grazes and insect bites (in suitable products)
  • Localized nerve-related skin pain (medicated patches, when prescribed)

How it works

Lidocaine temporarily blocks the nerves in the skin from sending pain signals, producing a numbing effect on the treated area.

How it is taken

Available as creams, gels, sprays, ointments and medicated patches at various strengths. Apply to intact skin over the area exactly as the label or your clinician directs, and for skin-numbing products allow the stated time for it to work before a procedure. Do not exceed the amount or area stated, and follow any time limits for patches.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Temporary numbness, tingling or mild burning at the site
  • Pale or slightly red skin where applied

Serious effects — get help

  • Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, ringing in the ears, an irregular heartbeat or seizures (signs of too much being absorbed) — seek urgent care
  • Signs of a severe allergic reaction such as facial swelling, widespread rash or difficulty breathing

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Other local anaesthetics or certain heart-rhythm medicines may add to the effect
  • Applying over large areas, broken skin or under dressings increases how much is absorbed

Who should take care

  • Do not apply to large areas, broken or inflamed skin, or use more than directed, as too much can be absorbed
  • Take special care in babies and young children and use only as advised
  • Tell your clinician if you are pregnant or breastfeeding or have heart or liver problems
  • Keep patches and tubes away from children and pets, as leftover product still contains medicine

Frequently asked questions

How long before it numbs the skin?
Skin-numbing creams usually need to be left on for a set time, often under a dressing, before a procedure. Follow the timing on the label or from your clinician.
Can I use a lot to numb a big area?
No. Applying too much or over large or broken areas can let dangerous amounts into the body. Stay within the area and amount directed.
Is it safe for my child before a blood test?
Specific products are used in children for this, but the amount and area must follow professional advice, as children are more sensitive.
What are the warning signs of too much?
Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, ringing in the ears, blurred vision or an irregular heartbeat need urgent medical attention.

Related medicines

See a doctor online now