Overview
Shingles is a painful rash caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus, which stays dormant in the body after a past chickenpox infection. It usually appears as a band of blisters on one side of the body or face. It can be very painful, and early medical treatment can reduce its severity and lower the risk of lasting nerve pain.
Symptoms
- Pain, tingling or burning in one area of skin, often before the rash appears
- A rash on one side of the body or face, often in a band or strip
- Fluid-filled blisters that crust over after a few days
- Itching and sensitivity of the affected skin
- Headache, fever or feeling unwell in some people
Causes & risk factors
- Reactivation of the varicella-zoster (chickenpox) virus
- More likely with increasing age
- Weakened immune system from illness, stress or certain treatments
- Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles later in life
Treatment & self-care
Shingles is best treated early; a clinician may prescribe antiviral treatment, ideally started within the first few days of the rash, along with pain relief and keeping the rash clean and dry. The fluid in blisters can spread chickenpox to people who have never had it, so contact with vulnerable people should be avoided until the rash crusts over.
See a doctor urgently if
- You think you have shingles - contact a doctor quickly, ideally within 3 days of the rash starting
- The rash is near or in your eye, or affects your forehead, nose or ear - seek urgent care to protect your sight and hearing
- You have a weakened immune system, are pregnant, or the rash is widespread - seek urgent care
- Pain is severe or continues after the rash heals
- You develop a high fever, confusion or feel very unwell
This condition can be an emergency. If any of the signs above are severe or getting worse, go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number — do not wait for an online consultation.