Overview
Pericarditis is inflammation of the thin sac surrounding the heart (the pericardium). It often causes sharp chest pain that can change with breathing or body position, and it is frequently triggered by a viral infection. Most cases improve with treatment, but chest pain always needs evaluation because it can mimic more serious conditions. Occasionally fluid builds up around the heart and needs urgent attention.
Symptoms
- Sharp chest pain, often behind the breastbone
- Pain that worsens when lying down or breathing in
- Pain that eases when sitting up and leaning forward
- Low-grade fever
- Fatigue or general unwell feeling
- Palpitations
- Pain that may spread to the shoulder or neck
Causes & risk factors
- Viral infections
- Other infections (bacterial or fungal, less commonly)
- Autoimmune conditions
- Recent heart attack or heart surgery
- Kidney failure
- Certain medications
- Chest injury
Treatment & self-care
Care focuses on reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and watching for complications such as fluid around the heart. This generally involves rest, anti-inflammatory treatment, and follow-up, with closer monitoring if fluid accumulates, all directed by a licensed clinician. Because chest pain has many serious causes, it should always be assessed promptly.
See a doctor urgently if
- You have new or persistent chest pain
- You have chest pain with fever or breathlessness
- You have chest pain that worsens lying down or improves leaning forward
- Severe chest pain, fainting, or trouble breathing — seek emergency care immediately
This condition can be an emergency. If any of the signs above are severe or getting worse, go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number — do not wait for an online consultation.