Overview
Dry eye occurs when the eyes do not make enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, leaving the surface of the eye inadequately lubricated. It is very common, especially with age and with prolonged screen use, and is usually a long-term but manageable condition. Symptoms can fluctuate and are often worse in dry, windy, or air-conditioned environments.
Symptoms
- Dryness, grittiness, or a feeling of something in the eye
- Burning or stinging
- Redness
- Blurred vision that improves with blinking
- Watery eyes (a reflex response to dryness)
- Tired eyes and discomfort with screens or reading
Causes & risk factors
- Aging and hormonal changes
- Prolonged screen use with reduced blinking
- Dry, windy, smoky, or air-conditioned environments
- Contact lens wear
- Certain medications and some medical conditions
- Eyelid problems affecting the oily layer of tears
Treatment & self-care
Management focuses on relieving symptoms and protecting the eye surface, often with lubricating measures, regular screen breaks, eyelid hygiene, and adjusting environmental factors such as humidity and airflow. A clinician can identify contributing causes and recommend suitable options, and will check for related eyelid or surface conditions. Discuss persistent symptoms with a licensed eye care professional.
See a doctor urgently if
- Eye pain, significant light sensitivity, or any change in vision
- Persistent redness or discharge
- Symptoms that interfere with daily activities despite simple measures
- Contact lens wearer with ongoing discomfort
- A sudden change in how your eyes feel