What it is used for
- Short-term severe anxiety
- Muscle spasm and stiffness
- Certain seizure situations
- Alcohol withdrawal (under supervision)
- Sometimes used before procedures for sedation
How it works
Diazepam enhances the effect of GABA, a calming chemical messenger in the brain, which reduces overactivity of nerve signals. This produces a calming, muscle-relaxing and anti-seizure effect.
How it is taken
Usually available as tablets, an oral liquid, rectal forms and injections used in clinical settings. It is normally used for short periods only because of the risk of dependence. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; never increase the amount or take it longer than advised, and do not stop suddenly after regular use.
No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.
Common side effects
- Drowsiness
- Tiredness
- Muscle weakness
- Unsteadiness or poor coordination
- Confusion, especially in older adults
- Dizziness
- Reduced concentration
Serious effects — get help
- Slowed or shallow breathing, especially with other sedatives or alcohol (seek emergency help)
- Severe drowsiness or being hard to wake
- Memory problems
- Paradoxical reactions: agitation, aggression or restlessness
- Dependence and withdrawal seizures if stopped abruptly after regular use
- Severe allergic reaction
If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.
Interactions to watch
- Opioid painkillers (dangerous combined breathing suppression)
- Alcohol (dangerous added sedation)
- Other sedatives, sleeping tablets and some antihistamines
- Some medicines processed by the liver that can raise its levels
- Other muscle relaxants and seizure medicines
Who should take care
- Has a real risk of dependence and is usually only for short-term use
- Do not combine with alcohol or opioids without specialist supervision because of breathing risk
- Use with great caution in older adults (falls, confusion) and in people with breathing or liver problems
- Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Do not drive or operate machinery if affected; never stop abruptly after regular use - withdrawal can be dangerous