What it is used for
- Depression
- Nerve (neuropathic) pain
- Migraine prevention
- Long-term pain conditions
- Some sleep difficulties linked to pain
- Bedwetting in children (in some regions, specialist use)
How it works
Amitriptyline increases the levels of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain by slowing their reuptake, and also blocks other receptors. At lower amounts it is often used to calm pain signals and aid sleep; at higher amounts it can treat depression.
How it is taken
Usually available as tablets and as an oral liquid. It is taken by mouth, often in the evening because it can cause drowsiness. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; do not stop suddenly.
No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.
Common side effects
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
- Weight gain
- Dizziness, especially on standing
- Difficulty passing urine
- Headache
- Feeling unsteady
Serious effects — get help
- New or worsening suicidal thoughts, especially early on (seek urgent help)
- Irregular or fast heartbeat, chest pain, fainting
- Confusion or hallucinations, particularly in older adults
- Seizures
- Severe constipation or inability to pass urine
- Eye pain with sudden vision changes (possible acute glaucoma)
- Severe allergic reaction
- Signs of overdose are dangerous - it is toxic in excess
If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.
Interactions to watch
- MAOI antidepressants (must not be combined)
- Other sedating medicines, sleeping tablets and strong painkillers
- Medicines affecting heart rhythm
- Other antidepressants and serotonin-raising medicines
- Alcohol (increased drowsiness)
- Some medicines for bladder, breathing or Parkinson's that add to drying effects
Who should take care
- Can be dangerous in overdose, so quantities may be limited and storage matters
- Use with caution with heart disease, glaucoma, an enlarged prostate, epilepsy or thyroid problems
- Older adults are more sensitive to confusion, falls and dry-mouth-type effects
- Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy or breastfeeding
- May affect driving until you know how it affects you; do not stop suddenly