The majority of childhood infections, including most colds, coughs, sore throats, and ear infections, are caused by viruses, which antibiotics cannot treat. Giving antibiotics when they are not needed does not speed recovery and contributes to antibiotic resistance, where bacteria become harder to treat in the future. It can also cause side effects such as diarrhoea and rashes.
Antibiotics are appropriate for confirmed or strongly suspected bacterial infections, and the decision is made by a doctor based on examination and sometimes tests. When prescribed, it is important to give the full course exactly as directed, even if your child seems better, unless told otherwise.
If your child is prescribed an antibiotic such as amoxicillin, follow the weight-based dose on the label, complete the course, and report any rash, severe diarrhoea, or allergic reaction to a doctor. Never use leftover antibiotics from a previous illness or from another person.