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Benzodiazepine (sedative / anxiolytic) - a controlled medicine

Lorazepam: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Ativan.

This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personal medical concerns. In an emergency, call your local emergency number.

What it is used for

  • Short-term severe anxiety
  • Short-term severe insomnia linked to anxiety
  • Sedation before procedures
  • Certain seizure emergencies (clinical use)

How it works

Lorazepam strengthens the action of GABA, a calming chemical messenger in the brain, reducing excessive nerve activity. This produces a fast calming and sedative effect.

How it is taken

Usually available as tablets and as injections used in clinical settings. It is intended for short-term use because of the risk of dependence. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; do not increase the amount, prolong use, or stop suddenly after regular use.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Drowsiness
  • Tiredness
  • Dizziness
  • Muscle weakness
  • Unsteadiness
  • Confusion, especially in older adults
  • Reduced concentration

Serious effects — get help

  • Slowed or shallow breathing, especially with opioids or alcohol (seek emergency help)
  • Severe drowsiness or difficulty waking
  • Memory problems
  • Paradoxical agitation or aggression
  • Dependence and withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly
  • Severe allergic reaction

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Opioid painkillers (dangerous combined breathing suppression)
  • Alcohol (dangerous added sedation)
  • Other sedatives, sleeping tablets and sedating antihistamines
  • Other seizure or muscle-relaxant medicines

Who should take care

  • Carries a risk of dependence; usually short-term only
  • Do not combine with alcohol or opioids except under specialist supervision
  • Use with caution in older adults (falls, confusion) and people with breathing or liver problems
  • Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Do not drive if affected; never stop abruptly after regular use

Frequently asked questions

How is lorazepam different from diazepam?
Both are benzodiazepines with similar effects, but they differ in how quickly they act and how long they last. Your clinician selects based on your situation. Both are for short-term use only.
Is lorazepam addictive?
Yes, dependence can develop with regular use over a few weeks. It is prescribed at the lowest effective amount for the shortest time, with a plan to stop safely.
Why must I avoid alcohol and opioids with it?
Combining them can dangerously slow breathing and cause heavy sedation, which can be life-threatening. Tell every prescriber what you take.
Can I take it every night for sleep?
It is not meant for long-term nightly use because of dependence and tolerance. Discuss longer-term sleep problems with your clinician for safer approaches.
Is Lorazepam safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

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