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Nitrate (fast-acting vasodilator)

Glyceryl trinitrate: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Nitroglycerin, GTN, Nitrolingual, Nitrostat, Nitromint.

This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personal medical concerns. In an emergency, call your local emergency number.

What it is used for

  • Relieving a sudden attack of angina chest pain
  • Preventing angina before activity that usually triggers it

How it works

Glyceryl trinitrate quickly relaxes and widens blood vessels, easing the heart's workload and improving blood flow to the heart muscle. This relieves the chest pain of an angina attack within minutes.

How it is taken

Comes as a tablet or spray placed under the tongue, and also as skin patches or ointment for longer-acting use. The under-the-tongue forms act fast and are used at the start of an attack or just before triggering activity. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; sit down when using it, as it can cause dizziness.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Headache
  • Dizziness or light-headedness
  • Flushing
  • Fast heartbeat
  • A brief tingling where the tablet or spray is placed

Serious effects — get help

  • Fainting or severe dizziness
  • Chest pain that does not improve after using it as directed (this may be a heart attack — seek emergency care)
  • A very fast or irregular heartbeat
  • Signs of a serious allergic reaction

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Erectile-dysfunction medicines such as sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil (dangerous drop in blood pressure — do not combine)
  • Other blood pressure medicines
  • Riociguat
  • Alcohol (added drop in blood pressure)

Who should take care

  • Never use with erectile-dysfunction medicines such as sildenafil — the combination can cause a dangerous fall in blood pressure
  • Sit down before using it to avoid falling from dizziness
  • Know your clinician's advice on when to call emergency services if the pain does not ease
  • Store the medicine as directed, as some forms lose strength over time
  • Tell your clinician about very low blood pressure or recent heart attack

Frequently asked questions

What should I do if the chest pain does not go away?
Follow the emergency plan your clinician gave you. Chest pain that does not ease after using glyceryl trinitrate as directed may be a heart attack and needs emergency care immediately.
Why should I sit down when I use it?
It can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and dizziness, so sitting reduces the risk of fainting or falling.
Can I use it before exercise?
Some people use a dose just before activity that usually brings on angina. Ask your clinician whether this is right for you and how to do it.
Why does my spray or tablet seem to stop working?
Some forms lose potency over time or if stored incorrectly. Check expiry dates and storage advice, and tell your clinician if it seems less effective.
Is Glyceryl trinitrate safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

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