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Antidepressant (NDRI - noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor); smoking-cessation aid

Bupropion: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Wellbutrin, Zyban.

This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personal medical concerns. In an emergency, call your local emergency number.

What it is used for

  • Depression
  • Seasonal depression (in some regions)
  • Help with stopping smoking

How it works

Bupropion increases the activity of noradrenaline and dopamine, two chemical messengers in the brain, by reducing their reuptake. This is thought to improve mood and reduce cravings, including nicotine cravings.

How it is taken

Usually available as modified-release or sustained-release tablets taken by mouth and swallowed whole. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label. It is sold under different brand names for depression and for smoking cessation; do not take two products containing it at once.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Trouble sleeping
  • Dry mouth
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Feeling shaky or anxious
  • Dizziness
  • Sweating
  • Reduced appetite

Serious effects — get help

  • New or worsening suicidal thoughts or mood changes (seek urgent help)
  • Seizures (risk rises at higher amounts or with certain conditions)
  • Severe allergic or skin reactions
  • Fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain
  • Severe agitation, confusion or hallucinations
  • Very high blood pressure
  • Switch into mania in people prone to it

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • MAOI antidepressants (must not be combined)
  • Medicines that lower the seizure threshold (some other antidepressants, certain stimulants, tramadol)
  • Other products containing bupropion (do not combine)
  • Alcohol (especially stopping heavy drinking suddenly raises seizure risk)
  • Some medicines processed by the liver
  • Nicotine patches (blood pressure may need checking)

Who should take care

  • Should be avoided by people with epilepsy or conditions that raise seizure risk, including eating disorders and sudden alcohol or sedative withdrawal
  • Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Use with caution with high blood pressure, liver or kidney problems or bipolar disorder
  • May affect sleep; timing matters
  • Do not exceed the prescribed amount because seizure risk rises with higher doses

Frequently asked questions

Is bupropion the same medicine for depression and for quitting smoking?
Yes, the active ingredient is the same but it is sold under different brand names for the two uses. Never take both a depression and a smoking-cessation product containing it together.
Why does it carry a seizure warning?
Bupropion can lower the threshold for seizures, especially at higher amounts or in people with certain conditions. Staying within the prescribed amount and disclosing your medical history reduces this risk.
Will it help with weight?
Unlike some antidepressants, bupropion is less likely to cause weight gain and may reduce appetite in some people. Discuss any concerns with your clinician.
Can it affect my sleep?
It can cause trouble sleeping, so your clinician may advise taking it earlier in the day. Follow the timing on your label.
Is Bupropion safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

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