Overview
Postnatal depression is a depressive illness that develops after having a baby, usually within the first year. It is more than the short-lived 'baby blues' and involves persistent low mood that affects the parent's ability to cope and bond. It is common, treatable, and not a reflection of being a bad parent.
Symptoms
- Persistent low mood, tearfulness or emptiness
- Loss of interest or pleasure, including in the baby
- Severe fatigue, sleep problems beyond normal newborn care
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness or inability to cope
- Withdrawal from family and friends
- Difficulty bonding with the baby or frightening thoughts
Causes & risk factors
- Hormonal changes after birth
- Sleep deprivation and the demands of newborn care
- Previous depression or anxiety
- Lack of support, financial or relationship stress
Treatment & self-care
Support ranges from talking therapy and practical help to medication a clinician prescribes (including options suitable while breastfeeding). A GP, midwife, health visitor or psychiatrist can assess and arrange care quickly.
See a doctor urgently if
- Low mood lasts more than two weeks after birth
- You struggle to care for yourself or your baby
- You have thoughts of harming yourself or the baby (seek urgent help immediately)
- You experience confusion, hallucinations or unusual beliefs (this can be a medical emergency)
This condition can be an emergency. If any of the signs above are severe or getting worse, go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number — do not wait for an online consultation.