Overview
Substance use disorder means a person has lost reliable control over alcohol, cannabis, tramadol, codeine or other substances despite harm to health, work or family — a recognised medical condition, not simply weak will. Opioid misuse (including tramadol and codeine syrup) is a growing problem globally among young people. Treatment works, and earlier is easier.
Symptoms
- Strong cravings and failed attempts to cut down
- Needing more of the substance for the same effect
- Withdrawal symptoms — shaking, sweating, anxiety — when stopping
- Neglecting work, school or family responsibilities
- Continuing use despite obvious harm
- Hiding or lying about use
- Spending beyond means to obtain the substance
Causes & risk factors
- Brain reward-system changes with repeated use
- Genetic vulnerability and family history
- Stress, trauma and untreated mental illness
- Peer pressure and easy availability
Treatment & self-care
Treatment combines medically supervised detox where needed, medicines that ease withdrawal and cravings, and structured counselling or rehabilitation; relapse is part of the illness, not proof treatment failed. Family support and treating underlying depression or anxiety improve outcomes. Confidential help is available — including by telehealth.
See a doctor urgently if
- You cannot stop despite wanting to
- Withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop
- Blackouts, overdose or injecting use
- Substance use harming your job, studies or family
- Thoughts of self-harm