Most skin cancers are linked to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and sunbeds. Practical protection means staying in the shade during peak hours, covering up with clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-blocking sunglasses, and applying broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF 30 generously and often, including on cloudy days. Avoid tanning beds entirely, as they raise melanoma risk.
Self-examination helps catch cancers early. Watch for moles that change in size, shape, or colour, have irregular borders or more than one colour, or a new spot, sore that won't heal, or a mole that itches or bleeds. The ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolving) is a useful guide.
People with fair skin, many moles, a family history of melanoma, or significant sun exposure are at higher risk and may benefit from periodic skin checks. See a doctor promptly about any suspicious or changing lesion rather than waiting, as early melanoma is highly treatable.