Overview
Meniere's disease is a long-term inner-ear disorder that causes episodes of vertigo together with hearing and ear symptoms, thought to relate to changes in fluid in the inner ear. Attacks come and go, can be unpredictable, and usually affect one ear. Over time it may lead to lasting hearing loss in the affected ear.
Symptoms
- Sudden episodes of spinning vertigo, often lasting from 20 minutes to several hours
- Fluctuating hearing loss, usually in one ear
- Ringing or buzzing in the ear (tinnitus)
- A feeling of pressure or fullness in the affected ear
- Nausea and loss of balance during attacks
Causes & risk factors
- Changes in the volume or composition of inner-ear fluid
- The exact cause is not fully understood
- Possible contributors include family history, immune factors, and viral influences
Treatment & self-care
There is no cure, so care aims to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks and to manage symptoms, often through dietary and lifestyle adjustments, balance rehabilitation, and treatments directed by a specialist for difficult cases. An ENT or ear specialist confirms the diagnosis and monitors hearing over time. Work with a licensed clinician to build a management plan suited to you.
See a doctor urgently if
- First episode of severe vertigo, or vertigo with new neurological symptoms such as weakness, double vision, or slurred speech (seek emergency care to rule out other causes)
- Sudden or worsening hearing loss
- Frequent or disabling attacks
- Symptoms that interfere with work, driving, or daily safety
- Falls or significant balance problems
This condition can be an emergency. If any of the signs above are severe or getting worse, go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number — do not wait for an online consultation.