Overview
Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria of the vagina, where certain bacteria overgrow. It is not classed as a sexually transmitted infection, though it is more common in those who are sexually active. Many people have no symptoms; others notice a change in discharge and odor. It is treatable and, while often harmless, can raise the risk of other infections.
Symptoms
- Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge
- A fishy odor, often stronger after sex
- Often no symptoms at all
- Mild itching or irritation in some cases
Causes & risk factors
- Imbalance in the natural vaginal bacteria
- Douching
- New or multiple sexual partners
- Not using condoms
- Natural variation in vaginal flora
Treatment & self-care
A clinician can confirm the diagnosis with a simple examination or test and treat the bacterial imbalance, which usually clears symptoms. BV can recur, so a doctor may discuss measures to reduce that risk, such as avoiding douching. Seek care during pregnancy, as BV may need treatment to lower certain risks.
See a doctor urgently if
- You notice a change in vaginal discharge or odor
- Symptoms return after treatment
- You are pregnant and have symptoms
- You also have pelvic pain, fever, or bleeding (which may signal a different problem)