Skip to content

Anticonvulsant (anti-seizure); mood stabiliser

Valproate: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Depakote, Epilim, Depakene, Divalproex.

Deze informatie is uitsluitend bedoeld als algemene richtlijn en vormt geen medisch advies. Raadpleeg altijd een gekwalificeerde zorgprofessional voor persoonlijke medische vragen. Bel in geval van nood uw lokale alarmnummer.

What it is used for

  • Epilepsy (several seizure types)
  • Bipolar disorder (especially mania)
  • Migraine prevention (in some regions)

How it works

Valproate is thought to increase the calming chemical messenger GABA and to steady electrical activity in the brain, which helps prevent seizures and stabilise mood.

How it is taken

Usually available as standard and modified-release tablets, capsules, granules and an oral liquid. It is taken by mouth. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; do not stop suddenly, as this can trigger seizures.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Nausea or stomach upset
  • Drowsiness
  • Tremor (shaky hands)
  • Weight gain
  • Hair thinning
  • Dizziness
  • Tiredness

Serious effects — get help

  • Serious harm to an unborn baby if taken in pregnancy (major birth defects and developmental problems)
  • Liver problems: yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine, severe tiredness, abdominal pain
  • Pancreas problems: severe abdominal pain with vomiting
  • Signs of low blood cells: unusual bruising or bleeding, fever, sore throat
  • Confusion or drowsiness from raised ammonia levels
  • Severe allergic or skin reactions
  • Worsening mood or suicidal thoughts

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Other seizure medicines (levels can rise or fall in either direction)
  • Some antibiotics that can sharply lower its level
  • Aspirin (can raise its level)
  • Other medicines processed by the liver
  • Alcohol

Who should take care

  • Must generally be avoided in pregnancy and in those who could become pregnant unless strict prevention measures are in place, because of serious harm to a baby - discuss this carefully with a specialist
  • Use with caution with liver problems or a family history of liver or metabolic disorders
  • Regular blood tests may check the liver and blood cells
  • Tell your clinician if breastfeeding
  • Do not stop suddenly; report severe abdominal pain, jaundice or unexpected bleeding

Frequently asked questions

Why is valproate strongly restricted in pregnancy?
Valproate taken during pregnancy carries a high risk of serious birth defects and developmental problems. It is generally avoided in anyone who could become pregnant unless there is no suitable alternative and a strict pregnancy-prevention programme is followed. Discuss this carefully with a specialist.
What serious effects should I watch for?
Seek urgent care for signs of liver problems (yellowing skin or eyes, severe tiredness), severe abdominal pain (possible pancreas problem), or unusual bruising or bleeding. These are uncommon but important.
Will it cause weight gain or hair changes?
Weight gain and hair thinning can occur. Mention these to your clinician, who can advise on management or alternatives.
Can I stop it if my seizures or mood are stable?
Do not stop suddenly. Stopping abruptly can trigger seizures or destabilise mood. Any change should be planned with your clinician.
Is Valproate safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

Related conditions

Related medicines

See a doctor online now