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Glucose-raising hormone / emergency treatment for severe low blood sugar

Glucagon: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as GlucaGen, Baqsimi, Gvoke, Zegalogue (dasiglucagon).

Deze informatie is uitsluitend bedoeld als algemene richtlijn en vormt geen medisch advies. Raadpleeg altijd een gekwalificeerde zorgprofessional voor persoonlijke medische vragen. Bel in geval van nood uw lokale alarmnummer.

What it is used for

  • Emergency treatment of severe low blood sugar (severe hypoglycaemia) in people with diabetes
  • Sometimes used in certain medical imaging procedures (in hospital settings)

How it works

Glucagon is a hormone that signals the liver to release stored sugar into the bloodstream, quickly raising blood sugar. It is the opposite action to insulin and is used as a rescue treatment.

How it is taken

Comes as an injection (kit with powder and liquid, or a pre-filled device) and as a nasal powder. It is used in an emergency when a person with very low blood sugar cannot safely eat or drink. Family, carers, or colleagues are often taught how to give it; follow the kit instructions and seek emergency help straight away.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Temporary rise in heart rate
  • Nasal or throat irritation (with the nasal form)

Serious effects — get help

  • No improvement after giving glucagon — call emergency services immediately
  • Severe allergic reaction (swelling, breathing difficulty, rash) — emergency care needed
  • Very high blood pressure in people with certain rare tumours (your doctor will know if this applies)

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Beta-blockers may change the heart-rate and blood-pressure response
  • Blood-thinning medicines (warfarin) effect may be affected in some cases
  • It works less well if the body's sugar stores are depleted (for example, after prolonged fasting or heavy alcohol use)

Who should take care

  • Make sure family, friends, or colleagues know where the rescue kit is and how to use it
  • Always seek emergency medical help after using it, even if the person recovers
  • Give sugar by mouth once the person is awake and able to swallow safely
  • Check expiry dates and store the kit as directed
  • It may be less effective if blood sugar stores are low (e.g. with alcohol or fasting)

Frequently asked questions

When is glucagon used?
It is an emergency rescue for severe low blood sugar when someone cannot safely swallow food or drink, such as when they are confused, having a seizure, or unconscious.
Who gives the glucagon?
Often a family member, friend, or colleague gives it, because the person affected may be unable to. They should be shown how in advance and always call for emergency help.
What do I do after giving it?
Call emergency services, place the person on their side, and once they are awake and able to swallow, give them sugar followed by a longer-lasting snack.
Is there a needle-free option?
Yes, a nasal powder form exists alongside injectable kits. Your care team can advise which is best for your situation.
Is Glucagon safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

Related conditions

Related medicines

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