Sore throats are usually viral, occurring with colds and flu, and improve on their own with rest, warm fluids, and over-the-counter relief from a pharmacist. Other causes include dry air, allergies, acid reflux, and shouting or smoking. Antibiotics do not help viral sore throats and are not the default treatment.
A smaller number of sore throats are caused by streptococcal bacteria (strep throat), which may bring a sudden severe sore throat, fever, swollen tender neck glands, and white patches on the tonsils, usually without a cough. Only a clinician can decide if testing and antibiotics are warranted.
Seek urgent care if you have difficulty breathing or swallowing, drooling, a muffled voice, severe one-sided throat swelling, or a high fever you cannot control. See a doctor if a sore throat lasts more than a week, keeps coming back, or you feel very unwell. This is general information only.