A common misconception is that a routine physical, blood test or 'full check-up' automatically screens for STIs. In most cases it does not. STI testing is generally only performed when you specifically request it or when a clinician identifies a risk factor or symptom.
There is also no single test that covers everything. A typical sexual-health screen might include chlamydia and gonorrhoea (urine or swab) plus HIV and syphilis (blood), but tests for herpes, HPV, hepatitis or trichomoniasis are often not included unless requested or indicated. Herpes blood testing in particular is usually only done in specific situations.
To make sure you get the screening you want, tell your doctor you would like an STI check and describe your recent activity and any symptoms. A licensed clinician can then recommend which specific tests are appropriate for you. Being open about your sexual history helps them choose the right panel.