Overview
PTSD can develop after experiencing or witnessing a deeply distressing event — an accident, violent attack, kidnapping, conflict or disaster. The mind keeps reliving the danger through flashbacks and nightmares, staying on permanent alert. It is a recognised, treatable condition, not weakness.
Symptoms
- Flashbacks — reliving the event as if it is happening again
- Nightmares and disturbed sleep
- Avoiding places, people or talk that recall the event
- Being constantly on edge or easily startled
- Irritability or angry outbursts
- Emotional numbness or detachment
- Guilt or self-blame about the event
Causes & risk factors
- Experiencing or witnessing life-threatening events
- Accidents, armed robbery, kidnapping, conflict or disaster
- Sexual or physical assault
- Repeated exposure to trauma (first responders, health workers)
Treatment & self-care
Trauma-focused talking therapies with a trained psychologist help the brain process the memory so it loses its grip; doctors may add medication for sleep, anxiety or depression alongside. Support from trusted people and gradual return to routine aid recovery. Symptoms lasting beyond a month after the event deserve professional help.
See a doctor urgently if
- Symptoms persisting more than a month after the event
- Flashbacks or nightmares disrupting daily life
- Using alcohol or drugs to numb memories
- Thoughts of self-harm