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Overview
Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria of the vagina, where certain bacteria overgrow. It is not classed as a sexually transmitted infection, though it is more common in those who are sexually active. Many people have no symptoms; others notice a change in discharge and odor. It is treatable and, while often harmless, can raise the risk of other infections.
Symptoms
Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge
A fishy odor, often stronger after sex
Often no symptoms at all
Mild itching or irritation in some cases
Causes & risk factors
Imbalance in the natural vaginal bacteria
Douching
New or multiple sexual partners
Not using condoms
Natural variation in vaginal flora
Treatment & self-care
A clinician can confirm the diagnosis with a simple examination or test and treat the bacterial imbalance, which usually clears symptoms. BV can recur, so a doctor may discuss measures to reduce that risk, such as avoiding douching. Seek care during pregnancy, as BV may need treatment to lower certain risks.
See a doctor urgently if
You notice a change in vaginal discharge or odor
Symptoms return after treatment
You are pregnant and have symptoms
You also have pelvic pain, fever, or bleeding (which may signal a different problem)
Frequently asked questions
What are the first signs of Bacterial Vaginosis?
Early signs often include thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge, a fishy odor, often stronger after sex, often no symptoms at all. Symptoms vary from person to person, so a proper assessment by a doctor is the only way to be sure.
Can Bacterial Vaginosis be treated?
A clinician can confirm the diagnosis with a simple examination or test and treat the bacterial imbalance, which usually clears symptoms. BV can recur, so a doctor may discuss measures to reduce that risk, such as avoiding douching. Seek care during pregnancy, as BV may need treatment to lower certain risks.
When should I see a doctor about Bacterial Vaginosis?
See a doctor promptly if you notice: you notice a change in vaginal discharge or odor; symptoms return after treatment; you are pregnant and have symptoms; you also have pelvic pain, fever, or bleeding (which may signal a different problem).