Overview
Tinnitus is the perception of sound — such as ringing, buzzing, humming, or hissing — without an external source. It is very common and is a symptom rather than a disease in itself. Tinnitus is often linked to hearing loss or noise exposure and can range from a minor annoyance to something that affects sleep and concentration.
Symptoms
- Ringing, buzzing, hissing, humming, or whistling heard in one or both ears
- Sound that may be constant or come and go
- Difficulty concentrating or sleeping because of the noise
- Sometimes accompanied by reduced hearing or a feeling of fullness in the ear
Causes & risk factors
- Age-related or noise-induced hearing loss
- Exposure to loud noise
- Earwax buildup or ear infections
- Certain medications
- Underlying conditions affecting the ear or, rarely, blood vessels and nerves
Treatment & self-care
A clinician will look for an underlying cause, including a hearing assessment, and treat anything reversible such as earwax or infection. When no treatable cause is found, management focuses on coping strategies such as sound therapy, hearing aids where hearing loss is present, and approaches to reduce distress. Protecting your hearing from loud noise helps prevent worsening. Speak with a licensed clinician about options suited to your situation.
See a doctor urgently if
- Tinnitus in only one ear, or that pulses in time with your heartbeat
- Tinnitus with sudden or worsening hearing loss (seek prompt care)
- Dizziness, balance problems, or facial weakness alongside the noise
- Tinnitus that develops after a head injury
- Significant impact on sleep, mood, or daily life