Overview
A peptic ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or upper intestine, usually caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or regular use of common painkillers — not simply by hunger or pepper, though both can worsen the pain. It is very treatable once properly diagnosed.
Symptoms
- Burning or gnawing upper abdominal pain
- Pain related to meals — sometimes relieved, sometimes worsened by food
- Night-time stomach pain
- Bloating and belching
- Nausea
- Poor appetite or early fullness
Causes & risk factors
- Helicobacter pylori infection
- Frequent use of NSAID painkillers such as ibuprofen
- Smoking and heavy alcohol use
- Severe physical stress from illness
Treatment & self-care
Doctors typically test for H. pylori and treat it with a prescribed combination of antibiotics plus acid-reducing tablets, which heals most ulcers permanently. Stop NSAID painkillers unless a doctor says otherwise, reduce alcohol and smoking, and eat regular meals. Long-term antacid self-medication without diagnosis hides serious disease.
See a doctor urgently if
- Vomiting blood or material like coffee grounds
- Black, tarry stools
- Sudden severe abdominal pain (possible perforation)
- Unintended weight loss or difficulty swallowing
- Ulcer pain persisting despite treatment