Overview
Earwax is produced naturally to protect and clean the ear canal, and usually moves out on its own. Sometimes it builds up or is pushed deeper, causing a blockage that affects hearing or comfort. It is a common and generally harmless problem, though it can be bothersome.
Symptoms
- A feeling of fullness or blockage in the ear
- Reduced or muffled hearing
- Earache or mild discomfort
- Ringing in the ear (tinnitus)
- Itchiness in the ear canal
- Occasionally dizziness
Causes & risk factors
- Naturally producing more or harder earwax
- Pushing wax deeper with cotton buds or other objects
- Wearing hearing aids or earplugs
- Narrow ear canals
- Aging, which can make wax drier
Treatment & self-care
Mild buildup often clears on its own or with gentle softening measures; objects such as cotton buds should be kept out of the ear canal as they can push wax deeper. A clinician can safely remove stubborn wax using techniques such as gentle irrigation or microsuction. Avoid ear candles and forceful self-removal, and see a licensed clinician if simple measures do not help.
See a doctor urgently if
- Sudden or significant hearing loss
- Ear pain, discharge, or signs of infection
- Symptoms that persist despite softening measures
- You have a known perforated eardrum or have had ear surgery (do not attempt self-removal)
- Dizziness or balance problems