What it is used for
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Relief of breathlessness and wheeze in COPD
- Some cases of asthma (often added to other treatment in acute care)
- Runny nose due to allergy or colds (nasal spray form)
How it works
Ipratropium relaxes and widens the airways by blocking nerve signals that tighten the muscle around them, making breathing easier. The nasal spray reduces fluid production to ease a runny nose.
How it is taken
Available as an inhaler, a nebuliser solution, and a nasal spray. The inhaler and nebuliser are breathed in; the spray is used in the nose. Use it exactly as your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist directs. It works more slowly than a fast-acting reliever, so it is not the first choice in a sudden severe attack unless advised.
No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.
Common side effects
- Dry mouth
- Throat irritation or cough
- Headache
- Nausea
- Dry or irritated nose (nasal spray)
Serious effects — get help
- Signs of a severe allergic reaction (swelling, breathing difficulty)
- Eye pain, blurred vision, or seeing halos (possible sign of glaucoma — seek urgent care)
- Difficulty passing urine
- Sudden worsening of breathing after use
If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.
Interactions to watch
- Other anticholinergic medicines (added drying effects)
- Other inhaled medicines (often used together, but tell your clinician)
- Tell your clinician about all your medicines
Who should take care
- Avoid getting the spray or mist in your eyes, which can cause eye problems
- Caution with glaucoma, an enlarged prostate, or difficulty passing urine
- Tell your clinician if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding
- Avoid if allergic to ipratropium or atropine-type medicines