Everyday habits prevent a large share of common infections. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating and after using the toilet or being in public; use hand sanitiser when washing isn't possible. Cover coughs and sneezes, avoid touching your face, and clean frequently touched surfaces.
Vaccination is one of the most effective preventive tools, protecting you and the people around you. Staying home when unwell, wearing a mask when appropriate, and improving ventilation indoors reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Safe food handling, clean water, and safe sexual practices prevent other infections.
These measures matter most around vulnerable people such as newborns, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. See a doctor if you have a high or persistent fever, difficulty breathing, severe or worsening symptoms, or signs of dehydration, and seek urgent care for a stiff neck with fever, confusion, or a rash that does not fade under pressure.