Overview
Urinary incontinence is the accidental leaking of urine. It ranges from occasional dribbles when coughing to a sudden, strong urge that is hard to control. It is common, especially with age and after childbirth, and although not usually dangerous it can greatly affect quality of life. It is often treatable.
Symptoms
- Leaking urine when coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising
- A sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by leakage
- Frequent urination, including waking at night to urinate
- Inability to reach the toilet in time
- Constant dribbling of urine in some cases
Causes & risk factors
- Weak pelvic floor muscles, often after pregnancy, childbirth, or menopause
- An overactive bladder muscle
- Prostate enlargement or prostate surgery in men
- Nerve conditions affecting bladder control
- Urinary tract infection or constipation
- Certain medications and being overweight
Treatment & self-care
Treatment depends on the type and may begin with pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, fluid and lifestyle adjustments, and managing contributing conditions. A clinician may suggest further options such as devices, medication, or procedures when simpler measures are not enough. A frank discussion with a clinician can identify the type and the best approach, as many people improve significantly.
See a doctor urgently if
- Leakage affects your daily activities, sleep, or wellbeing
- Incontinence comes on suddenly or with new neurological symptoms such as weakness or numbness
- You also have blood in the urine, pain, or recurrent infections
- You cannot urinate at all despite feeling the urge, which needs prompt care