Overview
Tooth decay happens when bacteria feeding on sugary or starchy foods produce acids that eat holes (cavities) in the teeth. It starts painlessly and progresses to sharp sensitivity, toothache and infection if ignored. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste and limiting sugary snacks prevent most of it.
Symptoms
- Sensitivity to sweet, hot or cold foods
- Visible holes or dark spots on teeth
- Toothache, from occasional twinges to constant pain
- Pain on biting
- Bad breath or unpleasant taste
- Food trapping in a tooth
Causes & risk factors
- Frequent sugary drinks, sweets and snacks
- Inadequate brushing and flossing
- Not using fluoride toothpaste
- Dry mouth and frequent snacking between meals
Treatment & self-care
A dentist removes the decay and fills the cavity — early treatment is simple and saves the tooth, while delay leads to root-canal treatment or extraction. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, clean between teeth, and cut down sugary drinks and snacks. A dental check every six to twelve months catches decay while it is still painless.
See a doctor urgently if
- Toothache lasting more than a day or two
- Pain with facial swelling or fever — urgent
- Sensitivity that lingers after the trigger is gone
- A broken or visibly holed tooth