What it is used for
- Epilepsy (several seizure types)
- Bipolar disorder (especially mania)
- Migraine prevention (in some regions)
How it works
Valproate is thought to increase the calming chemical messenger GABA and to steady electrical activity in the brain, which helps prevent seizures and stabilise mood.
How it is taken
Usually available as standard and modified-release tablets, capsules, granules and an oral liquid. It is taken by mouth. Take it exactly as your doctor or pharmacist directs and follow the label; do not stop suddenly, as this can trigger seizures.
No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.
Common side effects
- Nausea or stomach upset
- Drowsiness
- Tremor (shaky hands)
- Weight gain
- Hair thinning
- Dizziness
- Tiredness
Serious effects — get help
- Serious harm to an unborn baby if taken in pregnancy (major birth defects and developmental problems)
- Liver problems: yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine, severe tiredness, abdominal pain
- Pancreas problems: severe abdominal pain with vomiting
- Signs of low blood cells: unusual bruising or bleeding, fever, sore throat
- Confusion or drowsiness from raised ammonia levels
- Severe allergic or skin reactions
- Worsening mood or suicidal thoughts
If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.
Interactions to watch
- Other seizure medicines (levels can rise or fall in either direction)
- Some antibiotics that can sharply lower its level
- Aspirin (can raise its level)
- Other medicines processed by the liver
- Alcohol
Who should take care
- Must generally be avoided in pregnancy and in those who could become pregnant unless strict prevention measures are in place, because of serious harm to a baby - discuss this carefully with a specialist
- Use with caution with liver problems or a family history of liver or metabolic disorders
- Regular blood tests may check the liver and blood cells
- Tell your clinician if breastfeeding
- Do not stop suddenly; report severe abdominal pain, jaundice or unexpected bleeding