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Antiviral (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Tenofovir: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Viread, Vemlidy, Tenofovir disoproxil, Tenofovir alafenamide.

Diese Informationen dienen ausschließlich der allgemeinen Orientierung und stellen keine medizinische Beratung dar. Konsultieren Sie bei persönlichen gesundheitlichen Anliegen stets eine qualifizierte medizinische Fachkraft. Wählen Sie im Notfall Ihre örtliche Notrufnummer.

What it is used for

  • Chronic hepatitis B infection
  • HIV infection (as part of combination therapy)
  • HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), in combination products

How it works

Tenofovir blocks an enzyme (reverse transcriptase) that hepatitis B and HIV use to copy their genetic material, reducing the amount of virus in the body. It controls these infections and protects the liver or immune system but does not cure them, so it is usually taken long term.

How it is taken

Available as tablets, often combined with other antivirals in a single pill, and comes in two related forms with different dosing. Take it exactly as your specialist directs, at the same time each day, and do not stop without medical advice, since stopping suddenly can cause hepatitis B to flare up. Attend the blood tests your clinician arranges.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhoea
  • Headache
  • Tiredness
  • Dizziness

Serious effects — get help

  • Signs of kidney problems (changes in urine, swelling, bone pain)
  • Bone thinning over long-term use
  • A flare-up of hepatitis B if treatment is stopped suddenly
  • Signs of lactic acidosis or liver problems (deep breathing, severe tiredness, yellow skin or eyes)
  • Severe allergic reaction

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Other medicines that affect the kidneys
  • Certain other antivirals and hepatitis C medicines
  • Some medicines used for bone or other conditions
  • Tell your specialist about every medicine, supplement, and herbal product

Who should take care

  • Kidney function and sometimes bone health are monitored during treatment
  • Do not stop suddenly if you have hepatitis B, as the infection can rebound
  • Testing for HIV before and during PrEP use is essential
  • Use in pregnancy or breastfeeding only under specialist guidance
  • Tell your doctor about any kidney or bone problems

Frequently asked questions

Does tenofovir cure hepatitis B or HIV?
No. It controls these infections, lowering the amount of virus and protecting your health, but does not remove the virus. It is usually taken long term under specialist care.
Why can't I just stop it?
Stopping suddenly, especially with hepatitis B, can cause the infection to flare up dangerously. Only change or stop treatment on your specialist's advice.
Why are there two forms of tenofovir?
There are two related versions with different dosing and side-effect profiles for the kidneys and bones. Your specialist chooses the one best suited to you.
How does it work for PrEP?
In combination PrEP pills it reduces the risk of getting HIV when taken correctly, but it must be combined with regular HIV testing and other prevention measures. Discuss this fully with your clinician.
Is Tenofovir safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

Related conditions

Related medicines

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