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Dietary supplement / live microbial cultures

Probiotics: uses, side effects & precautions

Also known as Probiotic, Live cultures, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii.

Diese Informationen dienen ausschließlich der allgemeinen Orientierung und stellen keine medizinische Beratung dar. Konsultieren Sie bei persönlichen gesundheitlichen Anliegen stets eine qualifizierte medizinische Fachkraft. Wählen Sie im Notfall Ihre örtliche Notrufnummer.

What it is used for

  • Supporting gut health and the balance of bacteria in the digestive system
  • Helping reduce the risk or duration of some types of diarrhoea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
  • Supporting symptoms of certain digestive conditions when advised
  • General digestive support as a dietary supplement

How it works

Probiotics are live microorganisms, usually friendly bacteria or yeasts, that can help maintain or restore a healthy balance of microbes in the gut. This may support digestion and the gut lining, particularly when the natural balance has been disturbed, for example by infection or antibiotics.

How it is taken

Available as capsules, tablets, sachets, drops and in fermented foods and drinks, with many different strains. Some need refrigeration; storage and timing vary by product, so follow the label. Take it exactly as the label or your pharmacist directs, and check whether to take it apart from antibiotics.

No doses here on purpose. The right strength and schedule depend on you — only a doctor or pharmacist should set them. Always follow your prescription and the label.

Common side effects

  • Mild bloating or wind, often settling after a few days
  • Mild stomach upset
  • Change in bowel habit early on

Serious effects — get help

  • Serious infection in people who are very ill or have a weakened immune system (rare)
  • Signs of an allergic reaction such as rash, swelling or difficulty breathing

If a reaction is severe — for example trouble breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or collapse — go to the nearest emergency room now or call your local emergency number. Do not wait for an online consultation.

Interactions to watch

  • Antibiotics, which can reduce probiotic effect if taken at the same time, so spacing is often advised
  • Immune-suppressing medicines, which raise the risk of infection from live cultures

Who should take care

  • People who are seriously ill, have a weakened immune system, or have a central venous line should check with a clinician before use
  • Choose reputable products and follow storage instructions, as live cultures can lose potency
  • Tell your clinician about probiotic use if you have an underlying medical condition
  • Discuss use in pregnancy, breastfeeding and for young children with your clinician

Frequently asked questions

Should I take probiotics with antibiotics?
Probiotics are sometimes used to reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, but they are often best taken a few hours apart from the antibiotic. Ask your pharmacist about timing for your situation.
Are all probiotics the same?
No. Different strains do different things, and a product that helps one issue may not help another. Choose based on evidence for your specific need, ideally with pharmacist advice.
Can I get probiotics from food?
Yes. Yoghurt with live cultures, kefir and other fermented foods naturally contain probiotics and can be a useful part of the diet.
Do probiotics need to be kept in the fridge?
Some do and some are shelf-stable. Check the label, as incorrect storage can reduce the number of live cultures.
Is Probiotics safe to take?
For most people it is safe when taken exactly as a doctor or pharmacist advises and as printed on the label. Tell your clinician about your other medicines and health conditions, and seek urgent care for any serious reaction.

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