Diabetic ketoacidosis happens when there is not enough insulin, so the body breaks down fat for fuel and produces acidic ketones that build up in the blood. It is most common in type 1 diabetes but can occur in other forms, and is often triggered by illness, missed insulin, or being newly undiagnosed.
Warning signs include very high blood sugar, excessive thirst and urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, deep or rapid breathing, a fruity smell on the breath, weakness, drowsiness, and confusion. It can develop within hours.
DKA is a medical emergency that needs hospital treatment. If you or someone you know has these symptoms, seek urgent care or call your local emergency number without delay. People with type 1 diabetes are usually advised to check ketones when blood sugar is high or when unwell, as part of a sick-day plan agreed with their care team.