Cervical screening (sometimes called a Pap smear or smear test) checks the cervix for changes that could lead to cancer. Many programmes begin at age 25 and run to around 65. Intervals are typically every 3 years for cytology-based testing and every 5 years when primary HPV testing is used, because HPV testing is more sensitive.
If a test finds high-risk HPV or abnormal cells, you may be asked to return sooner or have further assessment such as colposcopy. Always attend follow-up appointments even if you feel well, as early changes cause no symptoms.
Screening is still recommended even if you have had the HPV vaccine, since the vaccine does not cover every cancer-causing type. People who have had a total hysterectomy or are past the upper age limit should ask a doctor whether they still need screening. Report unusual bleeding or discharge promptly regardless of screening timing.